NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (18ME651)

NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

• Course Code 18ME651 
• CIE Marks 40
• Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) 3:0:0 
• SEE Marks 60
• Credits 03 
• Exam Hours 03

Course Learning Objectives:

 To introduce the concepts of solar energy, its radiation, collection, storage and application.
 To introduce the concepts and applications of Wind energy, Biomass energy, Geothermal energy and
Ocean energy as alternative energy sources.
 To explore society’s present needs and future energy demands.
 To examine energy sources and systems, including fossil fuels and nuclear energy, and then focus on
alternate, renewable energy sources such as solar, biomass (conversions), wind power, geothermal,
etc.
 To get exposed to energy conservation methods.

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Module-1

Introduction: Energy source, India’s production and reserves of commercial energy sources, need for nonconventional energy sources, energy alternatives, solar, thermal, photovoltaic. Water power, wind biomass, ocean temperature difference, tidal and waves, geothermal, tar sands and oil shale, nuclear (Brief descriptions); advantages and disadvantages, comparison (Qualitative and Quantitative).
Solar Radiation: Extra-Terrestrial radiation, spectral distribution of extra terrestrial radiation, solar constant, solar radiation at the earth’s surface, beam, diffuse and global radiation, solar radiation data.
Measurement of Solar Radiation: Pyrometer, shading ring pyrheliometer, sunshine recorder, schematic
diagrams and principles of working.

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Module-2

Solar Radiation Geometry: Flux on a plane surface, latitude, declination angle, surface azimuth angle, hour angle, zenith angle, solar altitude angle expression for the angle between the incident beam and the normal to a plane surface (No derivation) local apparent time. Apparent motion of sum, day length, numerical examples. Radiation Flux on a Tilted Surface: Beam, diffuse and reflected radiation, expression for flux on a tilted surface (no derivations) numerical examples. Solar Thermal Conversion: Collection and storage, thermal collection devices, liquid flat plate collectors, solar air heaters concentrating collectors (cylindrical, parabolic, paraboloid) (Quantitative analysis); sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, application of solar energy water heating. Space heating and cooling, active and passive systems, power generation, refrigeration. Distillation (Qualitative analysis) solar pond, principle of

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Module-3

Performance Analysis of Liquid Flat Plate Collectors: General description, collector geometry, selective
surface (qualitative discussion) basic energy-balance equation, stagnation temperature, transmissivity of the
cover system, transmissivity – absorptivity product, numerical examples. The overall loss coefficient,
correlation for the top loss coefficient, bottom and side loss coefficient, problems (all correlations to be
provided). Temperature distribution between the collector tubes, collector heat removal factor, collector
efficiency factor and collector flow factor, mean plate temperature, instantaneous efficiency (all expressions to be provided). Effect of various parameters on the collector performance; collector orientation, selective surface, fluid inlet temperature, number covers, dust. Photovoltaic Conversion: Description, principle of working and characteristics, application.

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Module-4

Wind Energy : Properties of wind, availability of wind energy in India, wind velocity and power from wind; major problems associated with wind power, wind machines; Types of wind machines and their
characteristics, horizontal and vertical axis wind mills, elementary design principles; coefficient of
performance of a wind mill rotor, aerodynamic considerations of wind mill design, numerical examples.
Tidal Power: Tides and waves as energy suppliers and their mechanics; fundamental characteristics of tidal power, harnessing tidal energy, limitations. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Principle of working, Rankine cycle, OTEC power stations in the world, problems associated with OTEC.

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Module-5

Geothermal Energy Conversion: Principle of working, types of geothermal station with schematic diagram, geothermal plants in the world, problems associated with geothermal conversion, scope of geothermal energy. Energy from Bio Mass: Photosynthesis, photosynthetic oxygen production, energy plantation, bio gas production from organic wastes by anaerobic fermentation, description of bio-gas plants, transportation of bio-gas, problems involved with bio-gas production, application of bio-gas, application of bio-gas in engines, advantages. Hydrogen Energy: Properties of Hydrogen with respected to its utilization as a renewable form of energy, sources of hydrogen, production of hydrogen, electrolysis of water, thermal decomposition of water, thermo chemical production bio-chemical production.

Important Links:

1. Click here to download complete 5 modules notes

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1: Describe the environmental aspects of non-conventional energy resources. In Comparison with
various conventional energy systems, their prospects and limitations.
CO2: Know the need of renewable energy resources, historical and latest developments.
CO3: Describe the use of solar energy and the various components used in the energy production with
respect to applications like-heating, cooling, desalination, power generation, drying, cooking etc.
CO4: Appreciate the need of Wind Energy and the various components used in energy generation and
know the classifications.
CO5: Understand the concept of Biomass energy resources and their classification, types of biogas Plantsapplications
CO6: Compare Solar, Wind and bio energy systems, their prospects, Advantages and limitations.
CO7: Acquire the knowledge of fuel cells, wave power, tidal power and geothermal principles and
applications.

Question paper pattern:

 The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
 Each full question will be for 20 marks.
 There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.
 Each full question will have sub- question covering all the topics under a module.
 The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

Textbook/s

1 Non-Convention Energy Resources B H Khan McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd. 3rd Edition
2 Solar energy Subhas P Sukhatme Tata McGraw Hill 2nd Edition, 1996.
3 Non-Conventional Energy Sources G.D Rai Khanna Publishers 2003

Reference Books

1 Renewable Energy Sources and Conversion Technology N.K.Bansal, Manfred Kleeman& MechaelMeliss Tata McGraw Hill. 2004
2 Renewable Energy Technologies Ramesh R & Kumar K U Narosa Publishing House New Delhi
3 Conventional Energy Systems K M, Non Wheeler Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi 2003
4 Non-Conventional Energy Ashok V Desai Wiley Eastern Ltd, NewDelhi2003