QUANTUM PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS (1BPHYS102/202)

QUANTUM PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS

Course Code 1BPHYS102/202 
Semester I/II
CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 3:0:2:0 
SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy (Theory and Lab hours) 64 
Total Marks 100
Credits 04 
Exam Hours 03
Examination type (SEE) Descriptive

Module-1

Quantum Mechanics:

de Broglie Hypothesis, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its application (Broadneing of Spectral

Lines), Principle of Complementarity, Wave Function, Time independent Schrödinger wave equation

(Derivation), Physical significance of a wave function and Born Interpretation, Expectation value and its

physical significance, Eigen functions and Eigen values, Particle inside one dimensional infinite potential

well, Role of higher dimensions (Qualitative), Waveforms and Probabilities, Particle inside a finite potential well and quantum tunneling, Numerical Problems.

Text Book : 1, 2 Reference Books : 1, 2 Number of

Hours: 8

Module-2

Electrical Properties of Metals and Semiconductors:

Failures of classical free electron theory, Mechanisms of electron scattering in solids, Matheissen’s rule,

Assumptions of Quantum Free Electron Theory, Density of States, Fermi Dirac statistics, Fermi Energy,

Variation of Fermi Factor With Temperature and Energy, Expression for carrier concentration in a conductor, Mention of expression for electrical conductivity, Success of quantum free electron theory of metals, Derivation of electron concentration in an intrinsic semiconductor, Expression for electron and hole concentration in extrinsic semiconductor (Qualitative), Fermi level for intrinsic(with derivation) and extrinsic semiconductor (no derivation), Hall effect, Numerical Problems.

Text Book : 1 , 3 Reference Book : 1, 9 Number of Hours: 8

Module-3

Superconductivity:

Zero resistance state, Persistent current, Meissner effect, Critical temperature, Critical current (Silsbee

Effect) – Derivation of expression of critical current for a cylindrical wire using ampere’s law, Critical

field, Formation of Cooper pairs - Mediation of phonons, Two-fluid model, BCS Theory - Phase coherent

state, Limitations of BCS theory, examples of systems with low and high electron-phonon coupling, Type-I

and Type-II superconductors, Formation of Vortices, Explanation for upper critical field, Cooper pair tunneling (Andreev reflection), Josephson junction, Flux quantization, DC and AC SQUID (Qualitative), Numerical Problems.

Text Books : 1, 3 , Reference Book: 3 , 4 Number of Hours: 8

Module-4

Photonics :

Interaction of radiation with matter – Einstein’s A and B coefficients and derivation of expression for energy density, Prerequisites for lasing actions, Types of LASER, Semiconductor diode LASER, Use of attenuators for single photon sources, Optical modulators – Pockel’s effect, Kerr effect, Photodetectors – Single

Photon Avalanche Diode, Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector, Optical fiber, Derivation of

Numerical aperture, V-number, Number of modes, losses in optical fiber, Mach-Zehnder interferometer,

Numerical problems.

Text Books: 1, 2, Reference Book: 5, 6 Number of Hours:8

Module-5

Quantum Computing:

Moore’s law - limitation of VLSI, Classical vs Quantum Computation, bit, Qubit and its properties, Bloch

Sphere, Dirac notation, Brief discussion on types of qubit, Superconducting qubits, Harmonic oscillator

(qualitative) – Need for anharmonicity, Charge qubit, Operators and Operations (matrix form), Quantum

Gates – Pauli Gates, Phase gate (S, T), Hadamard Gate, Two qubit gates – CNOT gate, Entanglement, Bell

States, Predicting the outputs of various combinations of single and two-qubit gates, Numerical Problems.

Text Book: 4 , Reference Book :7, 8 Number of Hours:8

PRACTICAL COMPONENTS OF IPCC

EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of wavelength of LASER using Diffraction Grating.

2. Determination of acceptance angle and numerical aperture of the given Optical Fiber.

3. Study the Characteristics of a Photo-Diode and to determine the power responsivity / Verification

of Inverse Square Law of Light

4. Determination of Planck’s Constant using LEDs / Black-Body.

5. Determination of Fermi Energy of Copper.

6. Determination of Energy gap of the given Semiconductor.

7. Black-Box Experiment (Identification of basic Electronic Components)

8. Resonance in LCR circuit and determination of coefficient of self induction.

9. Study the I-V Characteristics of a Bipolar Junction Transistor and hence determine α and β.

10. Determination of resistivity of a semiconductor by Four Probe Method.

11. Predicting the outputs of various combinations of single and two-qubit gates using QUIRK Quantum Simulator. a) https://www.quirk-e.dev/ b) https://algassert.com/quirk

12. Predicting the outputs of various combinations of single and two-qubit gates using QISKIT.

13. Air-wedge / Newtons to study the interference by the division of amplitude.

14. Experimental Data Analysis using Spread Sheet.

Suggested Learning Resources: 

Text books:

1. Engineering Physics, Satyendra Sharma and Jyotsna Sharma, Pearson, 2018.

2. Engineering Physics, S L Kakani, Shubra Kakani, 3rd Edition, 2020, CBS Publishers and Distributers

Pvt. Ltd., 2018

3. Solid State Physics, S. O. Pillai, New Age International

4. Quantum Computing, Parag K Lala, McGraw Hill, 2020.

Reference books / Manuals:

1. Beiser, A. (2002). Concepts of Modern Physics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education..

2. Griffiths, D. J. (2018). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd or 3rd ed.). Pearson.

3. Tinkham, M. (2004). Introduction to Superconductivity (2nd ed.). Dover Publications.

4. Mishra, P. K. (2009). Superconductivity – Basics and Applications. Ane Books.

5. LASERS and Non-Linear Optics, B B Loud, New Age International,

6. Saleh, B. E. A., & Teich, M. C. (2019). Fundamentals of Photonics (3rd ed.). Wiley

7. Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (10th Anniversary ed.). Cambridge University Press.

8. Vishal Sahani, Quantum Computing, McGraw Hill Education, 2007 Edition.

9. Solid State Physics, A J Dekker (2000), Indian Ed., Macmillan Publishers India, New Delhi.