REACTIVE POWER CONTROL IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS (18EE735)

REACTIVE POWER CONTROL IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS

Course Code 18EE735
CIE Marks 40
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) (3:0:0) 
SEE Marks 60
Credits 03 
Exam Hours 03

Course Learning Objectives:

• To identify the necessity of reactive power compensation.
• To describe load compensation.
• To select various types of reactive power compensation in transmission systems.
• To characterize distribution side and utility side reactive power management.
• To contrast reactive power coordination system.

Module-1

Theory of Load Compensation: Requirement for compensation, Objectives in load compensation,
Ideal compensator, Acceptance standards for quality of supply, Specifications of a load compensator,
Power factor correction and voltage regulations in single-phase system: Power Factor and its Correction, Voltage regulation. T1. Classical load balancing problem: open-loop balancing.

Module-2

Theory of Steady-State Reactive Power in Uncompensated & Compensated Transmission Line :
A fundamental requirement in AC power transmission, advantages& disadvantages of different types of
compensating equipment for transmission systems, fundamental transmission line equation, surge impedance and natural loading, voltage and current profiles of uncompensated line on open circuit, the uncompensated line under load, the effect of line length, load power, and power factor on voltage and reactive power. Compensated Transmission Line: Types of compensation, passive and active compensators, Uniformly distributed fixed compensation: Effect of distributed compensation on voltage control and effect of distributed compensation on line charging reactive power. 

Module-3

Basics of Capacitors, Reactive Power of Capacitors, Arrangements and Reactive Power of Capacitors, Capacitors Connected in Parallel: Capacitors Connected in Series, Star and Delta Connection of Power Capacitors, Design of MV Capacitors . 
Passive shunt compensation: Control of open-circuit voltage with shunt reactors, required reactance
values of shunt reactors.  Series compensation: Objectives and practical limitations, Symmetrical line with mid-point series capacitor and shunt reactor, Power transfer characteristics and maximum transmissible power Fundamental concepts of compensation by sectioning.

Module-4

Static Compensation: Practical applications of static compensators in electrical power systems, main types of compensators, the principle of operation of Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR), Thyristor Controlled Transformer, TCR with shunt capacitors and Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC), the principle of operation of saturated reactor compensators. Series Capacitors: compensation factor, protective gear, Varistor protective gear, Resonance effects with series capacitors Synchronous Condenser: Condenser operation, Power system Voltage control, Emergency reactive power supply, HVDC application. Comparison of basic types of compensators. 

Module-5

Harmonics: Effect of harmonics on electrical equipment, resonance, shunt capacitors and filters, telephone interferences. Reactive Power Co-ordination: Reactive power management, transmission benefits, reactive power dispatch & equipment impact. Reactive Power Planning: Economic justification for reactive power planning, methods followed by the electricity boards in India, zonal reactive power requirements EHV & MV, low tension capacitors, placement in distribution, line capacitors. 

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Distinguish the importance of load compensation in symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical loads.
• Observe various compensation methods in transmission lines.
• Distinguish demand-side reactive power management & user side reactive power management.
• Construct a model for reactive power coordination and effects of harmonics on electrical equipment.
• Discuss the Reactive Power Planning for the electricity boards.

Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question will be for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub- question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

Textbooks

1 Reactive power control in electric power systems T. J. E. Miller John Wiley & Sons 2009
2 Reactive Power Compensation : A Practical Guide Wolfgang Hofmann, Jurgen Schlabbach, Wolfgang Just. John Wiley 2012
3 Reactive Power Management D. Tagare TMH 1st Edition, 2004

Reference Books

1 Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices Arindam Ghosh, Gerard Ledwich Kluwer international 2002
2 Power System Voltage Stability Carson. W. Taylor McGraw-Hill 1993