QUANTUM PHYSICS AND ELECTRONIC SENSORS (1BPHEC102/202)

QUANTUM PHYSICS AND ELECTRONIC SENSORS

Course Code 1BPHEC102/202 
Semester I/II
CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 3:0:2:0 
SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy (Theory and Lab hours) 64 
Total Marks 100
Credits 4 
Exam Hours 3 hours
Examination type (SEE) DESCRIPTIVE

Module-1

Quantum Physics:

de Broglie Hypothesis, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its application (Broadneing of Spectral Lines),

Principle of Complementarity, Wave Function, Time independent Schrödinger wave equation (Derivation),

Physical significance of a wave function and Born Interpretation, Expectation value and its physical significance, Eigen functions and Eigen values, Particle inside one dimensional infinite potential well, Role of higher

dimensions (Qualitative), Waveforms and Probabilities, Particle inside a finite potential well and quantum tunneling, Numerical Problems.

Text Book : 1, 2 Reference Book : 2, 3 Number of Hours:8

Module-2

Electrical Properties of Metals and Semiconductors

Failures of classical free electron theory, Mechanisms of electron scattering in solids, Matheissen’s rule, Assumptions of Quantum free electron theory, Density of states, Fermi Dirac statistics, Fermi energy, Variation of

Fermi factor with temperature and energy, Expression for carrier concentration in a conductor, Mention of expression for electrical conductivity, Success of quantum free electron theory of metals, Derivation of electron

concentration in an intrinsic semiconductor, Expression for electron and hole concentration in extrinsic semiconductor (Qualitative), Fermi level for intrinsic (with derivation) and extrinsic semiconductor (no derivation),

Hall effect, Numerical Problems.

Text Books : 1, 3 Reference Books : 1, 9 Number of Hours: 8

Module-3

Superconductivity

Zero resistance state, Persistent current, Meissner effect, Critical temperature, Critical current (Silsbee Effect) –

Derivation for a cylindrical wire using ampere’s law, Critical field, Formation of Cooper pairs - Mediation of

phonons, Two-fluid model, BCS Theory - Phase coherent state, Limitations of BCS theory, examples of systems

with low and high electron-phonon coupling, Type-I and Type-II superconductors, Formation of Vortices, Explanation for upper critical field, Josephson junction, Flux quantization, DC and AC SQUID (Qualitative), Charge

Qubit, Numerical Problems.

Text Books: 1, 2, Reference Books: 4, 5, 8 Number of Hours:8

Module-4

Photonics :

Interaction of radiation with matter – Einstein’s A and B coefficients, Prerequisites for lasing actions, Types of

LASER – Semiconductor diode LASER, Use of attenuators for single photon sources, Optical modulators –

Pockel’s effect, Kerr effect, Photodetectors – Photomultiplier tube, Single Photon Avalanche Diode, Optical fiber,

Derivation of Numerical aperture, V-number, Number of modes, losses in optical fiber, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Numerical problems.

Text Books: 1, 2, Reference Book: 6, 7 Number of Hours:8

Module-5

Semiconductor devices and Sensors

Direct and indirect band gap, Band gap engineering, Zener Diode, LED, PhotoDiode, Photo Transistor, Light dependent resistor, Resistance temperature detectors (high, medium, low), Sensing mechanisms, Piezo electric Sensors, Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, Hall sensor, Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector, Numerical Problems.

Text Book : 4, Reference Book : 1, 10 Number of Hours:8

PRACTICAL COMPONENTS OF IPCC

PART – A: FIXED SET OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of wavelength of LASER using Diffraction Grating.

2. Determination of acceptance angle and numerical aperture of the given Optical Fiber.

3. Determination of resistivity of a semiconductor by Four Probe Method

4. Determination of dielectric constant of the material of capacitor by Charging and Discharging method.

5. Study the Characteristics of a Photo-Diode and to determine the power responsivity

6. Determination of Plank’s Constant using LEDs / Black-Body.

7. Determination of Fermi Energy of Copper.

8. Interference by the division of amplitude (Air-wedge/Newton’s Rings)

9. Black-Box Experiment (Identification of basic Electronic Components)

10. Study the I-V Characteristics of a Bipolar Junction Transistor and hence determine α and β.

11. Resonance in LCR circuit and hence determine the coefficient of self inductance.

12. Determine the Energy Gap of the given semiconductor.

13. To study the operation of a multimeter and use it for measuring resistance, current, voltage, and for

testing diodes, transistors, and continuity in conductors.

14. Construction and Analyzing Electronic circuits using one of the following

1. Expeyes : https://expeyes.in/

2. Circuit Lab : https://www.circuitlab.com/

3. Multisim : https://www.multisim.com/

4. DCAClab : https://dcaclab.com/

5. Falstad : https://www.falstad.com/circuit/

Suggested Learning Resources: 

Text books:

1. Engineering Physics, Satyendra Sharma and Jyotsna Sharma, Pearson, 2018.

2. Engineering Physics, S L Kakani, Shubra Kakani, 3rd Edition, 2020, CBS Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

3. Solid State Physics, S. O. Pillai, New Age International

4. Basic Electronics, B L Theraja, Multi-color Edition, S Chand, 2006

Reference books / Manuals:

1. Engineering Physics , S Mani Naidu, Pearson, Fourteenth Impression, 2024.

2. Beiser, A. (2002). Concepts of Modern Physics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education..

3. Griffiths, D. J. (2018). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd or 3rd ed.). Pearson.

4. Tinkham, M. (2004). Introduction to Superconductivity (2nd ed.). Dover Publications.

5. Mishra, P. K. (2009). Superconductivity – Basics and Applications. Ane Books.

6. Ghatak, A., & Thyagarajan, K. (2005). Optical Electronics. Oxford University Press.

7. Saleh, B. E. A., & Teich, M. C. (2019). Fundamentals of Photonics (3rd ed.). Wiley

8. Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (10th Anniversary ed.). Cambridge University Press.

9. Solid State Physics, A J Dekker (2000), Indian Ed., Macmillan Publishers India, New Delhi.

10. Principles of Electronics, V K Mehta & Rohit Mehta, S Chand and Company, 7th Edition 2008.