BASIC THERMODYNAMICS
Course Code BME304
CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 2:2:0:0
SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40
Total Marks 100
Credits 03
Exam Hours 03
Examination type (SEE) Theory
Module-1
Introduction and Review of fundamental concepts: Thermodynamic definition and scope,
Microscopic and Macroscopic approaches. Characteristics of system boundary and control
surface, examples. Thermodynamic properties; definition and units, intensive, extensive
properties, specific properties, pressure, specific volume, Thermodynamic state, state point, state
diagram, path and process, quasi-static process, cyclic and non-cyclic; processes; Thermodynamic
equilibrium; definition, mechanical equilibrium; diathermic wall, thermal equilibrium, chemical
equilibrium (The topics are Only for Self-study and not to be asked in SEE. However, may be
asked for CIE)
Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Temperature; concepts, scales, international fixed points and
measurement of temperature. Constant volume gas thermometer, constant pressure gas thermometer,
mercury in glass thermometer, thermocouples, electrical resistance thermometer. Numerical.
Work and Heat: Mechanics, definition of work and its limitations. Thermodynamic definition of
work; examples, sign convention. Displacement work; as a part of a system boundary, as a whole
of a system boundary, expressions for displacement work in various processes through p-v
diagrams. Shaft work; Electrical work. Other types of work. Heat; definition, units and sign
convention. Problems.
Module-2
First Law of Thermodynamics: Joules experiments, equivalence of heat and work. Statement of
the First law of thermodynamics, extension of the First law to non - cyclic processes, energy,
energy as a property, modes of energy, Problems.
Extension of the First law to control volume; steady flow energy equation (SFEE), Problems.
Annexure-II 2
2
Module-3
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Thermal
reservoir, heat engine and heat pump: Schematic representation, efficiency and COP. Reversed
heat engine. Kelvin - Planck statement of the Second law of Thermodynamics; PMM I and PMM II,
Clausius statement of Second law of Thermodynamics, Equivalence of the two statements; Carnot
cycle, Carnot principles. Problems
Entropy: Clausius inequality, Statement- proof, Entropy- definition, a property, change of
entropy, entropy as a quantitative test for irreversibility, principle of increase in entropy, entropy
as a coordinate. Problems
Module-4
Availability, Irreversibility and General Thermodynamic relations. Introduction, Availability
(Exergy), Unavailable energy, Relation between increase in unavailable energy and increase in entropy.
Maximum work, maximum useful work for a system and control volume, irreversibility. Problems
Pure Substances: P-T and P-V diagrams, triple point and critical points. Sub-cooled liquid,
saturated liquid, mixture of saturated liquid and vapor, saturated vapor and superheated vapor
states of pure substance with water as example. Enthalpy of change of phase (Latent heat). Dryness
fraction (quality), T-S and H-S diagrams, representation of various processes on these diagrams.
Steam tables and its use. Throttling calorimeter, separating and throttling calorimeter. Problems.
Module-5
Ideal gases: Ideal gas mixtures, Daltons law of partial pressures, Amagat’s law of additive volumes,
evaluation of properties of perfect and ideal gases, Air- Water mixtures and related properties
(Processes are not to be asked for SEE).
Real gases – Introduction, Van-der Waal's Equation of state, Van-der Waal's constants in terms of
critical properties, Beattie-Bridgeman equation, Law of corresponding states, compressibility
factor; compressibility chart. Difference between Ideal and real gases.
Thermodynamic relations: Maxwell’s equations, TdS equation. Ratio of Heat capacities and
Energy equation, Joule-Kelvin effect, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Books
1. Basic and Applied Thermodynamics P.K.Nag, Tata McGraw Hill 2nd Ed., 2002.
2. Basic Engineering Thermodynamics A.Venkatesh Universities Press, 2008.
3. Basic Thermodynamics, B.K Venkanna, Swati B. Wadavadagi PHI, New Delhi 2010.
4. Thermodynamics- An Engineering Approach YunusA.Cenegal and Michael A.Boles Tata
McGraw Hill publications 2002
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