FLUID MECHANICS
Course Code BME403
CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L: T:P: S) 3:0:2:0
SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 hours Theory + 8-10 Lab slots
Total Marks 100
Credits 04
Exam Hours 03
Examination nature (SEE) Theory
MODULE-1
Basics: Introduction, Properties of fluids-mass density, weight density, specific volume, specific
gravity, viscosity, surface tension, capillarity, vapour pressure, compressibility and bulk modulus.
Concept of continuum, types of fluids etc,pressure at a point in the static mass of fluid, variation of
pressure, Pascal’s law,Absolute, gauge, atmospheric and vacuum pressures pressure measurement by
simple, differential manometers and mechanical gauges.
Fluid Statics: Total pressure and center of pressure for horizontal plane, vertical plane surface and
inclined plane surface submerged in static fluid.
MODULE-2
Fluid Kinematics: Types of Flow-steady, unsteady, uniform, non-uniform, laminar, turbulent, one,
two and three dimensional, compressible, incompressible, rotational, irrotational, stream lines, path
lines, streak lines, velocity components, convective and local acceleration, velocity potential, stream
function, continuity equation in Cartesian co-ordinates. Rotation, vorticity and circulation, Laplace
equation in velocity potential and Poisson equation in stream function, flow net, Problems.
Laminar and Turbulent flow: Flow through circular pipe, between parallel plates, Power absorbed in
viscous flow in bearings, Poiseuille equation.
MODULE-3
Fluid Dynamics: Momentum equation, Impacts of jets- force on fixed and moving vanes, flat and
curved. Numericals.Euler’s equation, Integration of Euler’s equation to obtain Bernoulli’s equation,
Bernoulli’s theorem, Application of Bernoulli’s theorem such as venture meter, orifice meter,
rectangular and triangular notch, pitot tube, orifices etc., related numericals.
Loss of head due to friction in pipes, Major and minor losses, pipes in series and parallel.
MODULE-4
Flow over bodies: Development of boundary layer, Lift and Drag, Flow around circular cylinders,
spheres, aerofoils and flat plates, Streamlined and bluff bodies, boundary layer separation and its
control.
Dimensional Analysis: Derived quantities, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional
homogeneity, Rayleigh method, Buckingham Pi-theorem, dimensionless numbers, similitude, types of
similitude.
MODULE-5
Compressible flows: Speed of sound, adiabatic and isentropic steady flow, Isentropic flow with
area change stagnation and sonic properties, normal and oblique shocks, flow through nozzles.
Introduction to CFD: Necessity, limitations, philosophy behind CFD, applications
PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC(May cover all / major modules)
1 Determine the viscosity of oil using Red wood viscometer and Say-bolt viscometer.
Can be Demo experiments for CIE
2 Measurement of pressure using different Manometers for high and low pressure measurements
(manometers using different manometric fluids).
3Working principle of different flow meters and their calibration (orifice plate, venture meter,
turbine, Rota meter, electromagnetic flow meter)
Can be Demo experiments for CIE
4 Determination of head loss in pipes and pipe fittings having different diameters, different
materials and different roughness
5 Reynolds apparatus to measure critical Reynolds number for pipe flows
6 Effect of change in cross section and application of the Bernoulli equation
7 Impact of jet on flat and curved plates
8 Measurement of coefficient of pressure distribution on a cylinder at different Reynolds
Numbers
9 Effect of change in cross section and application of the Bernoulli equation
10 Working principle of different flow meters for open channel and their calibration
11 Determination of drag and lift co-efficients of standard objects using wind tunnel.
Can be Demo experiments for CIE
12 Use any CFD package to study the flow over aerofoil/cylinder
Can be Demo experiments for CIE
Suggested Learning Resources:
Books
• Fox, R. W., Pitchard,P.J.,and McDonald, A. T., (2010), Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 7thEdition,
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Cimbala, J.M., Cengel, Y. A. (2010),Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, McGraw-Hill
• Frank M White., (2016), Fluid Mechanics, 8thEdition , McGraw-Hill
Additional References:
• A text book of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Dr. R K Bansal, Laxmi publishers
• Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Munson, Young, Okiishi&Hebsch, John Wiley Publicationss, 7th
Edition
Web links and Video Lectures (e-Resources):
• Nptel.ac.in
• VTU, E- learning
• MOOCS
• Open courseware
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