Transmission and Distribution
Course Code BEE402
CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L: T:P: S) 4:0:0
SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 50 Hours
Total Marks 100
Credits 04
Exam Hours 03
Examination nature (SEE) Theory
Module-1
Introduction to Power System: Structure of electric power system: generation, transmission and
distribution. Advantages of higher voltage transmission: HVAC, EHVAC, UHVAC and HVDC. Interconnection.
Feeders, distributors and service mains.
Overhead Transmission Lines: A brief introduction to types of supporting structures and line conductorsConventional conductors; Aluminium Conductor steel reinforced (ACSR), All – aluminium alloy conductor
(AAAC) and All –aluminium conductor (AAC). High temperature conductors; Thermal resistant aluminium
alloy (ATI),Super thermal resistant aluminium alloy (ZTAI), Gap type thermal resistant aluminium alloy
conductor steel reinforced (GTACSR), Gap type super thermal resistant aluminium alloy conductor steel
reinforced (GZTACSR). Bundle conductor and its advantages. Importance of sag, Sag calculation – supports
at same and different levels, effect of wind and ice. Line vibration and vibration dampers. Overhead line
protection against lightening; ground wires.
Overhead Line Insulators: A brief introduction to types of insulators, material used- porcelain, toughened
glass and polymer (composite). Potential distribution over a string of suspension insulators. String
efficiency, Methods of increasing string efficiency. Arcing horns.
Module-2
Line Parameters: Introduction to line parameters- resistance, inductance and capacitance. Calculation of
inductance of single phase and three phase lines with equilateral spacing, unsymmetrical spacing, double
circuit and transposed lines. Inductance of composite – conductors, geometric mean radius (GMR) and
geometric mean distance (GMD). Calculation of capacitance of single phase and three phase lines with
equilateral spacing, unsymmetrical spacing, double circuit and transposed lines. Capacitance of composite –
conductor, geometric mean radius (GMR) and geometric mean distance (GMD). Advantages of single circuit
and double circuit lines.
Module-3
Performance of Transmission Lines: Classification of lines – short, medium and long. Current and voltage
relations, line regulation and Ferranti effect in short length lines, medium length lines considering Nominal
T and nominal circuits, and long lines considering hyperbolic form equations. Equivalent circuit of a long
line. ABCD constants in all cases.
Module-4
Corona: Phenomena, disruptive and visual critical voltages, corona loss. Advantages and disadvantages of
corona. Methods of reducing corona.
Underground Cable: Types of cables, constructional features, insulation resistance, thermal rating, charging
current, grading of cables – capacitance and inter-sheath. Dielectric loss. Comparison between ac and DC
cables. Limitations of cables. Specification of power cables.
Module-5
Distribution: Primary AC distribution systems – Radial feeders, parallel feeders, loop feeders and
interconnected network system. Secondary AC distribution systems – Three phase 4 wire system and single
phase 2 wire distribution, AC distributors with concentrated loads. Effect of disconnection of neutral in a 3
phase four wire system.
Reliability and Quality of Distribution System: Introduction, definition of reliability, failure, probability
concepts, limitation of distribution systems, power quality, Reliability aids.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Books:
1. A Course in Electrical Power, Sony Gupta and Bhatnagar, Dhanpat Rai
2. Principles of Power System, V.K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta, S. Chand, 1st Edition 2013
Reference Books:
1. Power System Analysis and Design, J. Duncan Gloverat el, Cengage Learning, 4th Edition 2008
2. Electrical power Generation, Transmission and Distribution, S.N. Singh, PHI, 2nd Edition,2009
3. Electrical Power, S.L.Uppal, Khanna Publication
4. Electrical Power Systems, C. L. Wadhwa, New Age, 5th Edition, 2009
5. Electrical Power Systems, Ashfaq Hussain, CBS Publication
6. Electric Power Distribution, A.S. Pabla, McGraw-Hill, 6th Edition,2012
Web links and Video Lectures (e-Resources):
www.nptel.ac.in
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