Cryogenics (BME714D)

Cryogenics

Course Code BME714D 
CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 3­0­0 
SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 
Total Marks 100
Credits 03 
Exam Hours 3
Examination type (SEE) Theory

Module­1

Introduction to Cryogenic Systems: Cryogenic propellants and its applications, liquid hydrogen,

liquid nitrogen, and liquid Helium The thermodynamically Ideal system Production of low

temperatures – Joule Thompson Effect, Adiabatic expansion. Gas Liquefaction Systems:

Liquefaction systems for Air Simple Linde –Hampson System, Claude System, Heylndt System,

Dual pressure, Claude. Liquefaction cycle Kapitza System. Comparison of Liquefaction Cycles

Liquefaction cycle for hydrogen, helium and Neon, Critical components of liquefaction systems.

Module­2

Gas Cycle Cryogenic Refrigeration Systems: Classification of Cryo coolers, Stirling cycle Cryo –

refrigerators, Ideal cycle – working principle. Schmidt‘s analysis of Stirling cycle, Various

configurations of Stirling cycle refrigerators, Integral piston Stirlingcryo­cooler, Free displacer

split type StirlingCryo coolers, Gifford Mcmahon Cryo­ refrigerator, Pulse tube refrigerator,

Solvay cycle refrigerator, Vuillimier refrigerator, Cryogenic regenerators.

Module­ 3

Gas Separation and Gas Purification Systems Thermodynamic ideal separation system, Properties

of mixtures, Principles of gas separation, Linde single column air separation. Linde double column

air separation, Argon and Neon separation systems. Ultra Low Temperature Cryo – Refrigerators

Magneto Caloric Refrigerator 3He­4He Dilution refrigerator. Pomeranchuk cooling. Measurement

systems for low temperatures, Temperature measurement at low temperatures, Resistance

thermometers, Thermocouples, Thermistors, Gas Thermometry. Liquid level sensors.

Module ­4

Vacuum Technology Vacuum Technology: Fundamental principles. Production of high vacuum,

Mechanical vacuum pumps, Diffusion pumps, Cryo­pumping, Measurement of high vacuum level.

Cryogenic Insulation: Heat transfer due to conduction, Evacuated porous insulation Powder &

Fibers Opacified powder insulation, Gas filled powders & Fibrous materials Multilayer superinsulation, Composite insulation

Module ­5

Cryogenic Fluid Storage and Transfer Systems Design of cryogenic fluid storage vessels, Inner

vessel, Outer Insulation, Suspension system, Fill and drain lines. Cryogenic fluid transfer, External

pressurization, Self­pressurization, Transfer pump. Application of Cryogenic Systems Cryogenic

application for food preservation – Instant Quick Freezing Techniques Super conductive devices,

Cryogenic applications for space technology. Application of cryogenic systems, super conducting

devices, space technology, cryogenic in biology and medicine.

Suggested Learning Resources:

Text Books

1. Cryogenic Systems – R.F. Barron

2. Cryogenic Engineering – R.B. Scott – D.VanNostrand Company, 1959

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Cryogenic Process Engineering – K.D. Timmerhaus and T.M. Flynn, Plenum Press, New

York,1989

2. High Vacuum Technology – A. Guthree – New Age International Publication

3. Experimental Techniques in Low Temperature Physics – G.K. White – Oxford University Press,