Switchgear and Protection (BEE701)

Switchgear and Protection

Course Code BEE701 
CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 3:0:2:0 
SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 hours Theory + 10 Lab slots 
Total Marks 100
Credits 04 
Exam Hours 03
Examination nature (SEE) Theory

MODULE-1

Introduction to Power System Protection: Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of

Faults, Types of Fault, Effects of Faults, Fault Statistics, Zones of Protection, Primary and

Backup Protection, Essential Qualities of Protection, Performance of Protective Relaying,

Classification of Protective Relays, Automatic Reclosing, Current Transformers for protection,

Voltage Transformers for Protection.

Relay Construction and Operating Principles: Introduction, Electromechanical Relays, Static

Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays, Comparison between

Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.

MODULE-2

Overcurrent Protection Introduction, Time – current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time

Setting. Overcurrent Protective Schemes, Reverse Power or Directional Relay, Protection of

Parallel Feeders, Protection of Ring Mains, Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection, Combined

Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Directional Earth

Fault Relay, Static Overcurrent Relays, Numerical Overcurrent Relays.

Microprocessor -based Protective Relays: Introduction, Overcurrent relays, Impedance relay.

Directional Relay, Reactance Relay.

MODULE-3

Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current Protection.

Differential Protection: Introduction, Differential Relays, Simple Differential Protection,

Percentage or Biased Differential Relay, Differential Protection of 3 Phase Circuits, Balanced

(Opposed) Voltage Differential Protection.

Rotating Machines Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators.

 Transformer and Bus zone Protection: Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus zone

 Protection, Frame Leakage Protection.

MODULE-4

Circuit Breakers: Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc

Interruption, Restriking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current Chopping, Interruption of

Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers, Oil Circuit

Breakers, Air – Blast Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum Circuit Breakers, High

Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers.

MODULE-5

Fuses: Introductions, Definitions, Fuse Characteristics, Types of Fuses, Applications of HRC

Fuses, Selection of Fuses, Discrimination.

Protection against Over voltages: Causes of Overvoltages, Lightning phenomena, Wave Shape

of Voltage due to Lightning, Over Voltage due to Lightning, Klydonograph and Magnetic Link,

 Protection of Transmission Lines against Direct Lightning Strokes, Protection of Stations and

 Sub – Stations from Direct Strokes, Protection against Travelling Waves, Insulation

Coordination, Basic Impulse Insulation Level (BIL).

 Modern Trends in Power System Protection: Introduction, gas insulated substation/switchgear

 (GIS).

PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC 

Experiments

1 Over Current Relay: (a) Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) Non - Directional

Characteristics (b) Directional Features (c) IDMT Directional.

2 IDMT Characteristics of Over Voltage or Under Voltage Relay (Solid State or

Electromechanical type).

3 Operation of Negative Sequence Relay.

4 IDMT Characteristics of Over Voltage or Under Voltage Relay (Solid State or

Electromechanical type)

5 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over –Current Relay

6 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Distance Relay.

7 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over/Under Voltage Relay.

8 Generation Protection: Merz Price Scheme.

9 Feeder Protection against Faults.

10 Motor Protection against Faults.

11 Fuse Characteristics

12 Measurement of Breakdown Strength of Transformer Oil as per IS 1876 :2005

13 Field Mapping using Electrolytic Tank for any one of the following Models: Cable/

Capacitor/ Transmission Line/ Sphere Gap.

Suggested Learning Resources:

Text Books

1.Power System Protection and Switchgear Badri Ram, D.N. Vishwakarma McGraw Hill 2nd Edition

2. Power System Protection and Switchgear Bhuvanesh Oza et al McGraw Hill 1st Edition, 2010

Reference Books

1. Protection and Switchgear Bhavesh et al Oxford 1st Edition, 2011

2. Power System Switchgear and Protection N. Veerappan S.R. Krishnamurthy S. Chand 1st

Edition, 2009

3. Fundamentals of Power System Protection Y.G.Paithankar S.R. Bhide PHI 1st Edition, 2009