Basic Thermodynamics (1BME303)

Basic Thermodynamics

Course Code 1BME303 
Scheme 2025
Type of Course PCC 
Semester III
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) 3:0:0 
CIE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy per semester L:T:P:SL:TW 42:0:0:38:10 
SEE Marks 50
Credits 03 
Total Marks 100
Examination type (SEE) Theory 
Exam Hours 03

Module-1

Introduction and Review of fundamental concepts: Thermodynamic definition and scope, Microscopic and Macroscopic approaches. Thermodynamic system, open system and closed system, isolated system, Thermodynamic boundary and Thermodynamic universe, Thermodynamic properties; definition and units, intensive, extensive properties, specific properties, pressure, specific volume, Thermodynamic state, point, path and process, quasi-static process, cyclic and non-cyclic processes;

Thermodynamic equilibrium; Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Temperature; concepts, scales, international fixed points and measurement of temperature. Constant volume gas thermometer, constant pressure gas thermometer, mercury in glass thermometer, thermocouples, electrical resistance thermometer. Numericals.

Work and Heat: Mechanics, definition of work and its limitations. Thermodynamic definition of work; examples, sign convention. Displacement work; as a part of a system boundary, as a whole of a system boundary, expressions for displacement work in various processes through p-v diagrams. Shaft work; Electrical work. Other types of work. Heat; definition, units and sign convention. Numericals.

Module-2

First Law of Thermodynamics: Joules experiments, equivalence of heat and work. Statement of the First law of thermodynamics, extension of the First law to non - cyclic processes, energy, energy as a property, modes of energy, Numericals.

Extension of the First law to control volume; steady flow energy equation (SFEE), Numericals.

Module-3

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Thermal reservoir, heat engine and heat pump: Schematic representation, efficiency and COP. Reversed heat engine. Kelvin - Planck statement of the Second law of Thermodynamics; PMM I and PMM II, Clausius statement of Second law of Thermodynamics, Equivalence of the two statements; Carnot cycle, Carnot principles. Numericals

Entropy- definition, Clausius inequality, entropy as a property, change of entropy, entropy as a quantitative test for irreversibility, principle of increase in entropy, entropy as a coordinate. Numericals

Module-4

Availability, Irreversibility and General Thermodynamic relations. Introduction, Availability (Exergy), Unavailable energy, Relation between increase in unavailable energy and increase in entropy. Maximum work, maximum useful work for a system and control volume, irreversibility. Numericals.

Pure Substances: P-T and P-V diagrams, triple point and critical points. Sub-cooled liquid, saturated liquid, mixture of saturated liquid and vapor, saturated vapor and superheated vapor states of pure substance with water as example. Enthalpy of change of phase (Latent heat). Dryness fraction (quality), T-S and H-S diagrams, representation of various processes on these diagrams. Steam tables and its use. Throttling calorimeter, separating and throttling calorimeter. Numericals.

Module-5

Ideal gases: Ideal gas mixtures, Daltons law of partial pressures, Amagat’s law of additive volumes, evaluation of properties of perfect and ideal gases, Air- Water mixtures and related properties. Numericals

Real gases – Introduction, Van-der Waal's Equation of state, Van-der Waal's constants in terms of critical properties, Beattie-Bridgeman equation, Law of corresponding states, compressibility factor; compressibility chart. Difference between Ideal and real gases. Numericals

Suggested Learning Resources:

Textbooks:

1. R K Rajput, “A Textbook of Engineering Thermodynamics”, 5th Ed., Laxmi Publications, 2016.

2. P K Nag, “Basic and Applied Thermodynamics”, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill Education, 2009.

Reference books / Manuals:

1. Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles, Mehmet Kanoglu, “Thermodynamics- An Engineering Approach”, 10th Ed., McGraw Hill Education, 2019.

2. Richard E Sonntag, Claus Borgnakke, and Gordon J Van Wylen, “Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2002

3. V Ganesan, “Thermodynamics: Basic and Applied”, McGraw Hill Education (India), 2018.

4. D S Kumar, “Engineering Thermodynamics”, S. K. Kataria & Sons, 2012.

5. B K Venkanna and Swati B. V, “Basic Thermodynamics”, PHI, New Delhi, 2010.

6. B T Nijaguna and B S Samaga, “Thermodynamics Data Hand Book”, Sudha Publications, 2018.