FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (1BCV302)

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

Course Code 1BCV302 
Scheme 2025
Type of course Integrated Professional Core Courses (IPCC) 
Semester III
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) 70 (3:0:2 ) 
CIE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy per Semester CI(L /T): LI(P):TW&SL 120 (42:0:28:50)
SEE Marks 50
Credits 4 
Total Marks 100
Type of Examination (IPCC): Theory- CIE +SEE, and Lab- CIE only. 
Exam Hours 03

Module-1

Fluid Properties & Hydrostatics:

Introduction to fluids, density, specific weight, viscosity (Newton’s law), surface tension, capillarity, vapor pressure, compressibility. Hydrostatic law, Pascal’s law, pressure measurement (manometers, piezometers, digital gauges). Total pressure and center of pressure on plane/curved surfaces. Buoyancy, metacenter, stability of floating bodies, metacentric height.

CO linkage: CO1. Number of Hours (CI ): 10 hours:

Module-2

Fluid Kinematics & Dynamics:

Types of flow (steady/unsteady, uniform, laminar/turbulent, rotational/irrotational). Streamlines, pathlines, continuity equation (Cartesian coordinates). Velocity potential, stream function, flow nets. Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s theorem (applications: venturimeter, orifice meter, pitot tube). Momentum equation

CO linkage: CO2. Number of Hours (CI ): 8 hours

Module-3

Flow Measurement & Pipe Flow:

Flow through orifices, mouthpieces, notches (rectangular/trapezoidal), weirs. Flow in pipes: Darcy-Weisbach equation, friction factor (Moody chart), minor losses, pipes in series/parallel, Impact of jet on vanes, water hammer.

CO linkage: CO3. Number of Hours (CI ): 8 hours

Module-4

Open Channel Flow

Geometrical properties, velocity distribution. Uniform flow: Chezy/Manning equations, most economical sections (rectangular/trapezoidal). Specific energy, critical flow. Non-uniform flow: gradually varied flow (GVF) equations, hydraulic jump.

CO linkage: CO4. Number of Hours (CI ): 8 hours

Module-5

Hydraulic Turbines & Pumps:

Turbines: Classification, Pelton/Francis/Kaplan (components, velocity triangles, efficiencies). Pumps: Centrifugal/reciprocating (working, characteristics, NPSH, cavitation). Performance curves, selection for civil applications (dams, irrigation).

CO linkage: CO5, CO6. Number of Hours (CI ): 8 hours

PRACTICAL COMPONENTS OF IPCC

SET OF EXPERIMENTS

Students shall perform practical exercises related to:

1. Verification of Bernoulli’s theorem (CO1, CO2)

2. Experimental determination of force exerted by a jet on flat and curved plates (Hemispherical Vane) (CO2)

3. Calibration of venturimeter/orifice meter (CO1, CO3)

4. Determination of friction factor in pipes (CO2, CO3)

5. Calibration of V-notch and rectangular notch (CO3, CO4)

6. Calibration of Ogee weir, Broad-crested weir, and venturiflume (CO3, CO4)

7. Performance testing of Pelton turbine (CO5, CO6)

8. Efficiency of centrifugal pump (CO5, CO6)

Suggested Learning Resources: 

Textbooks:

1. Modi & Seth, Fluid Mechanics, Standard Book House.

2. Rajput, R. K. – Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, S. Chand.

3. Bansal, R. K. – A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Laxmi Publications.

4. Subramanya, K. – Flow in Open Channels, McGraw-Hill

Reference books / Manuals:

1. White, F. M. – Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill.

2. Cengel, Y. A. & Cimbala, J. M. – Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, McGraw-Hill.

3. Subramanya, K. – Hydraulic Machines, McGraw-Hill